Habka abuurista ee korontada taagan

Caadiyan, koronto taagan waxa la dhaliyaa is jiid jiid ama kicin.

Korontada isjiidka ah ee taagan waxa dhaliya dhaqdhaqaaqa khidmadaha korantada ee ka dhasha xidhiidhka, is jiid jiidka, ama kala soocida labada shay. Korontada taagan ee uu ka tago isqabqabsiga kirishbooyada ayaa inta badan ah mid daciif ah,sabato ah lahjadda adag ee kirishbooyada. Iions-yada ka dhasha khilaafku waxay si dhakhso ah isula dhaqaaqi doonaan oo ay dhexdhexaadin doonaan inta lagu jiro iyo dhammaadka habka is-khilaafka. Ka dib marka ay isku dhacaan daaha, koronto koronto oo sareeya ayaa laga yaabaa in la dhaliyo, laakiin qadarka kharashka ayaa aad u yar. Tan waxaa lagu go'aamiyaa qaab-dhismeedka jirka ee insulator laftiisa. Qaab dhismeedka molecular ee insulator-ka, way ku adagtahay elektarooniga inay si xor ah uga dhaqaaqaan xidhitaanka bu'da atomiiga, sidaa awgeed khilaafku wuxuu keenaa qadar yar oo ah molecular ama atomic ionization.

Korontada inductive static waa goob koronto oo ay sameeyso dhaq-dhaqaaqa elektaroonigga shay hoos yimaada falgalka goob koronto-siyeedka marka shaygu ku jiro goob koronto. Korontada taagan ee taagan guud ahaan waxaa laga dhalin karaa kirishbooyada. Saamaynta meelaha korantada magnetka ee bannaan ee daahayaasha waa la iska indho tiri karaa.

Habka dareeraha korantada

Waa maxay sababta 220V korontadu ay dadka u dili karto, laakiin kumannaan volt-ka dadka ma dili karaan? Korontada ku jirta kapacitor-ka ayaa la kulma qaacidooyinka soo socda: U=Q/C. Marka loo eego qaacidada, marka awooddu yaraato oo xadiga dallacadu yar yahay, waxaa la dhalin doonaa danab sare. "Sida caadiga ah, awoodda jidhkayaga iyo walxaha nagu wareegsan waa mid aad u yar. Marka koronto la soo saaro, qadar yar oo koronto ah ayaa sidoo kale dhalin karta danab sare." Kharashka korantada oo yaraada awgeed, marka la shubayo, tamarta hadda jirta aad bay u yar tahay, wakhtiguna aad buu u yar yahay. Korontada lama sii wadi karo, oo hadda waxa uu hoos u dhacayaa waqti aad u gaaban. "Sababtoo ah jidhka bini'aadamka ma aha insulator, eedeymaha joogtada ah ee lagu ururiyo jirka oo dhan, marka ay jirto dariiqa dheecaanka, ayaa isku iman doona. Sidaa darteed, waxa aad dareemaysaa in hadda uu sareeyo oo uu jiro dareen koronto ah. Ka dib markii koronto taagan laga soo saaro kirishbooyada sida jirka bini'aadamka iyo walxaha birta ah, dareeraha hadda wuxuu noqonayaa mid aad u weyn.

Alaabta leh sifada dahaarka wanaagsan, midi waa in xadiga korontadu ay aad u yartahay, midda kalena waa in koronto la dhaliyo ay adagtahay in la socdo. In kasta oo danabku uu sarreeyo, marka ay jirto waddo qulqulaya meel, kaliya kharashka meesha xidhiidhka iyo meel yar oo u dhow ayaa qulquli karta oo soo bixi karta, halka kharashka meesha aan la xiriirin uusan soo bixi karin. Sidaa darteed, xitaa iyadoo koronto ah tobanaan kun oo volts, tamarta dheecaanku sidoo kale waa dayac.

Khataraha korantada taagan ee qaybaha elektiroonigga ah

Korontada taagan waxay waxyeelo u geysan kartaaLEDs, ma aha oo kaliya LED-ga gaarka ah ee “patent”, laakiin sidoo kale inta badan la isticmaalo diodes iyo transistor-ka laga sameeyay alaabta silikon. Xataa dhismayaasha, geedaha, iyo xayawaanka waxaa waxyeeli kara koronto taagan ( danabku waa nooc koronto taagan, mana tixgelin doono halkan).

Haddaba, sidee bay korontadu u dhaawacdaa qaybaha elektiroonigga ah? Ma doonayo inaan aad u fogaado, kaliya ka hadalka aaladaha semiconductor, laakiin sidoo kale waxay ku xaddidan yihiin diodes, transistors, ICs, iyo LEDs.

Burburka ay korontadu u geysato qaybaha semiconductor-ka ugu dambeyntii waxay ku lug leedahay hadda. Marka la eego ficilka hadda korantada, qalabku wuu dhaawacmay kulaylka awgeed. Haddii uu jiro hadda, waa in uu jiro koronto. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, diodes semiconductor waxay leeyihiin isgoysyada PN, kuwaas oo leh kala duwanaansho koronto ah oo xannibaya hadda labadaba dhinaca hore iyo gadaalba. Caqabadda suurtagalka ah ee hore ayaa hoosaysa, halka xannibaadda suurtagalka ah ee soo noqnoqda ay aad u badan tahay. Wareegga, meesha iska caabintu ay sarreyso, korontadu waxay ku urursan tahay. Laakin LED-yada, marka danabka horay loogu sii shubo LED-ka, marka korantada dibadda ay ka yar tahay heerka korantada ee diode-ka (oo u dhiganta ballaadhka farqiga u dhexeeya walxaha), ma jiro haddal hore, oo danabku dhammaantiis ayaa lagu dabaqaa isgoyska PN. Marka korantada lagu dabaqo LED-ka gadaal, marka korantada dibadda ay ka yaraato korantada burburka gadaale ee LED-ka, korantada ayaa sidoo kale lagu dabaqaa isku xirka PN gabi ahaanba. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, ma jiraan wax hoos u dhac ah oo danab ah midkoodna isgoysyada alxanka ee LED-ka, bracket-ka, aagga P, ama aagga N! Sababtoo ah hadda ma jiro. Ka dib marka isku xirka PN la jebiyo, korantada dibadda waxaa wadaaga dhammaan iska caabiyeyaasha wareegga. Meesha iska caabintu ay sarreyso, tamarta ay qaadayso qaybtu waa sarraysaa. Ilaa hadda sida LED-yada ka walaacsan yihiin, waa dabiici in isku xirka PN uu qaado inta badan tamarta. Awoodda kulaylka ee ka dhalata isgoysyada PN waa hoos u dhaca danab ku dhex jira oo lagu dhufto qiimaha hadda jira. Haddii qiimaha hadda aan la xaddidin, kulaylka xad-dhaafka ah ayaa gubi doona isgoyska PN, kaas oo lumin doona shaqadiisa oo dhex geli doonta.

Maxay IC-yadu uga baqayaan koronto taagan? Sababtoo ah aagga qayb kasta oo ka mid ah IC waa mid aad u yar, awoodda dulin ee qayb kasta ayaa sidoo kale aad u yar (inta badan shaqada wareegga waxay u baahan tahay awood yar oo dulin ah). Sidaa darteed, qadar yar oo koronto ah ayaa dhalin doonta koronto koronto oo sarreeya, iyo dulqaadka awoodda qayb kastaa badanaa waa mid aad u yar, sidaas awgeed dareeraha korantada ayaa si fudud u dhaawici kara IC. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, qaybaha kala duwan ee caadiga ah, sida diode-yada yaryar ee caadiga ah iyo transistor-yada yaryar, ayaan aad uga baqin korantada joogtada ah, sababtoo ah aagga ay ku jiraan jajabku waa mid aad u weyn oo awooddooda parasitic waa mid aad u weyn, mana fududa in lagu ururiyo koronto sare iyaga oo ku jira goobaha guud ee taagan. MOS transistor-ka awoodda hooseeya waxay u nugul yihiin waxyeellada korantada sababtoo ah lakabka oksaydhka albaabka khafiifka ah iyo awood yar oo dulin ah. Caadi ahaan waxay ka tagaan warshadda ka dib markii ay muddo gaaban ku wareegaan saddexda korantada ka dib baakadaha. Isticmaalka, inta badan waxaa loo baahan yahay in meesha laga saaro dariiqa gaaban ka dib marka alxanka la dhammeeyo. Iyada oo ay ugu wacan tahay aagga chip-ka ee awoodda sare leh ee MOS transistor-ka, korontada caadiga ah ma dhaawici doonto iyaga. Markaa waxaad arki doontaa in saddexda korantada ee awoodda MOS transistor-ka aysan ilaalin wareegyada gaagaaban (wax-soo-saareyaasha hore ayaa wali gaabinaya iyaga ka hor inta aysan ka tagin warshadda).

LED dhab ahaantii waxay leedahay diode, aaggeeduna aad buu u weyn yahay marka loo eego qayb kasta oo IC ah. Sidaa darteed, awoodda dulin ee LED-yada waa mid aad u weyn. Sidaa darteed, korantada taagan ee xaaladaha guud ma dhaawici karto LED-yada.

Korontada korantada ee xaaladaha guud, gaar ahaan insulators, waxay yeelan karaan koronto sare, laakiin qadarka lacag-bixinta ayaa ah mid aad u yar, muddada qulqulka qulqulka waa mid aad u gaaban. Qulqulka korantada korantada ee lagu kiciyo kirishbooyada waxaa laga yaabaa inaysan aad u sarreyn, laakiin qulqulka hadda wuxuu noqon karaa mid weyn oo inta badan socda. Tani waxay aad u dhibaysaa qaybaha elektiroonigga ah.

Waa maxay sababta korontadu ay wax u dhintochips LEDinta badan ma dhacdo

Aan ku bilowno dhacdo tijaabo ah. Saxan bir ah ayaa qaada koronto taagan 500V. Ku dheji LED-ka saxanka birta ah (fiiri habka meelaynta si aad uga fogaato dhibaatooyinka soo socda). Ma u malaynaysaa in LED-ku dhaawacmi doono? Halkan, si ay u dhaawacdo LED-ka, waa in lagu dabaqaa koronto ka weyn danabkeeda burburka, taas oo macnaheedu yahay in labada korantada ee LED ay isku mar la xiriiraan saxanka birta ah oo ay yeeshaan koronto ka weyn korantada burburka. Maaddaama saxanka birta uu yahay kaari wanaagsan, korontada la kiciyay ee dhexdeedu waa siman tahay, waxa loogu yeero 500V danab waxay u dhigantaa dhulka. Sidaa darteed, ma jiraan wax danab ah oo u dhexeeya labada electrodes ee LED-ka, dabiici ahaanna ma jiri doonto waxyeello. Haddaad la xidhiidhin hal elektrode oo LED ah oo saxan bir ah leh, oo aad ku xidhid electrodeka kale kirishboyga (gacan ama silig aan lahayn galoofyada dahaaran) dhulka ama kirishbooyada kale.

Dhacdadan tijaabada ah ee kor ku xusan waxay ina xasuusinaysaa in marka LED-ku uu ku jiro goobta elektrostatic, hal electrode waa inuu la xidhiidhaa jidhka elektrostatic, ka kalena waa inuu la xidhiidhaa dhulka ama kirishbooyada kale ka hor intaysan waxyeello gaarin. Wax soo saarka dhabta ah iyo codsiga, oo leh cabbirka yar ee LED-yada, waxaa jira dhif fursad ah in waxyaalahan oo kale ay dhacaan, gaar ahaan qaybaha. Dhacdooyin shil ah waa suurtagal. Tusaale ahaan, LED-ku waxa uu ku yaalaa jidh elektrostatic ah, hal electrode waxa uu la xidhiidhaa jidhka elektrostatic, halka kan kale uu laalaado. Waqtigaan, qof ayaa taabtay korantada laalaaday, taas oo dhaawici kartaIftiinka LED.

Dhacdada kore waxay noo sheegaysaa in dhibaatooyinka korantada aan la iska indho tiri karin. Dheecaan elektrostatic ah wuxuu u baahan yahay wareegga korantada, mana jiraan wax dhibaato ah haddii ay jirto koronto taagan. Marka kaliya qadar aad u yar oo dheecaan ah uu dhaco, dhibaatada dhaawaca elektrostatic ee shilalka ah waa la tixgelin karaa. Haddii ay ku dhacdo xaddi badan, waxay u badan tahay inay noqoto dhibta wasakhowga jajabka ama walbahaarka.